In brief
In a significant move, Spain plans to ban social media for users under the age of 16, a step announced by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez at the World Governments Summit. This measure aims to safeguard children from the dangers of the 'digital Wild West' and calls for stricter accountability from tech companies regarding harmful content. While the proposal requires parliamentary approval, it reflects a growing trend in Europe, with similar considerations from other countries like France and Australia. The debate continues as social media firms raise concerns over the feasibility of such bans.
Spain has become the latest European country to make plans to ban social media for children under the age of 16.
We will protect them from the digital Wild West, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said at the World Governments Summit in Dubai on Tuesday.
The ban, which still needs parliamentary approval, is part of a raft of changes that include making company executives responsible for illegal or harmful content on their platforms.
Australia became the world's first country to bring in a ban last year, with others watching - and judging - its success.
France, Denmark, and Austria have also announced that they are considering their own national age limits.
The UK government has launched a consultation on whether to implement a ban for under-16s.
Social media companies have argued that the bans would be ineffective, difficult to implement, and could isolate vulnerable teenagers. Reddit is challenging Australia's ban in the High Court.
Today, our children are exposed to a space they were never meant to navigate alone, Sánchez said, describing social media as a place of addiction, abuse, pornography, manipulation, [and] violence.
We will no longer accept that. We will protect them. Sánchez first mooted a possible ban in November, but on Tuesday, the plan was fleshed out.
Under the changes, social media platforms would be required to have effective age verification systems, not just check boxes, but real barriers that work, the prime minister explained, in a possible reference to the loopholes Australian children use to bypass checks - including simply using a photo of an adult.
The new laws would also criminalise manipulating algorithms to amplify illegal content. Sánchez stated that this is something created, promoted, and disseminated by certain actors whom we will investigate, as well as the platforms whose algorithms amplify disinformation in exchange for profit.
Hiding behind code and claiming that technology is neutral is no longer acceptable. There would also be a new system designed to track how digital platforms fuel division and amplify hate. No further details were given on how this would work.
Another measure, Sánchez said, would be to investigate and prosecute the crimes committed by Grok [X's AI tool], TikTok, and Instagram. The European Commission has launched an investigation into Grok over concerns it was used to create sexualized images of real people.
The UK has announced its own investigation into Grok and on Tuesday in France, the offices of X were raided by the Paris prosecutor's cyber-crime unit as it looked into allegations of offenses, including unlawful data extraction and complicity in the possession of child pornography.
X is yet to respond to either investigation - the BBC has approached it for comment. It has previously characterized the French investigation as an attack on free speech.
France has led the charge in Europe, with President Emmanuel Macron saying he wants a ban for under-15s in place by the start of the next school year in September.
Sánchez said he hoped to get the laws passed next week, but that could prove difficult because his left-wing coalition government lacks a parliamentary majority. Spain's main opposition party, the conservative People's Party, seems to approve of the ban, saying it has previously proposed similar restrictions. The far-right Vox party has spoken out against it.
In response to the announcement, X owner Elon Musk labelled Sánchez as a tyrant and traitor to the people of Spain. TikTok, Snapchat, YouTube, Reddit, Discord, and Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, have all been approached for comment.
