BHP Found Liable for Brazil's Environmental Catastrophe

Sat Nov 15 2025 07:52:05 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

A UK court rules BHP responsible for the deadly 2015 Mariana dam disaster in Brazil, igniting ongoing legal battles over compensation.

A London High Court has determined that mining giant BHP is liable for Brazil's worst environmental disaster resulting from the 2015 Mariana dam collapse, which claimed 19 lives and caused extensive damage. The ruling may amount to claims of up to £36bn ($48bn) from over 600,000 affected individuals and communities. BHP intends to appeal the decision, asserting that many claimants have already received compensation in Brazil. The case highlights ongoing debates around corporate responsibility and legal jurisdiction in transnational environmental issues.

The High Court in London has ruled that the mining company BHP is liable for a catastrophic dam collapse in Brazil, which has been categorized as the country’s worst environmental disaster. The 2015 incident, which occurred in Mariana, resulted in the deaths of 19 individuals and left extensive devastation across surrounding communities.

The legal action, which includes claims from more than 600,000 plaintiffs ranging from local residents to businesses and municipalities, estimates damages at around £36 billion (approximately $48 billion). In response to the ruling, BHP announced plans to appeal and maintain its stance that many plaintiffs in the London lawsuit have already received compensation through Brazilian channels.

The disaster occurred when a dam, owned by Samarco—a joint venture between BHP and Brazilian mining company Vale—collapsed, releasing millions of cubic meters of toxic sludge into the surrounding areas, polluting rivers and destroying homes.

Judge Finola O'Farrell highlighted that the decision to continually raise the dam's height posed significant risks and was a direct contributor to its failure. This ruling holds BHP accountable under Brazilian law.

The unfolding legal complexities include distinct proceedings against Vale in the Netherlands, which have involved over 70,000 claimants. BHP insists the actions in London are duplicative of ongoing reparative processes in Brazil, where its joint venture has established the Renova Foundation to facilitate compensation for affected victims.

A report earlier this year indicated that approximately 130,000 victims have settled claims with BHP and Vale, whom have faced accusations of coercing settlements at undervalued amounts. Additionally, Pogust Goodhead, the UK law firm representing claimants, has been criticized for its business practices, with insinuations it has exploited vulnerable Brazilian communities. This highlights a broader discourse regarding the ethical obligations of corporations and legal representatives in transnational environmental crises.

Moving forward, BHP remains firm in its belief that the most effective resolution for claimants lies within the Brazilian legal framework rather than international litigation.